Assess whether you believe that representations of women in mens magazines such as Loaded and FHM are offensive and in poor taste. :: essays research papers fc

For those who have not taken the m to read a selection of work forces magazines they may associate them with pornography or sport. Since the mid-90s, a crop of very successful magazines aimed at young manpower has emerged, spearheaded by the controversial Loaded. It is important for me to establish early on in this analyze that mens magazines such as loaded and FHM, are general lifestyle magazines the modern mens magazine is about sports and cars as well as sex, fashion, women, and humour. This essay will consider whether the sexual nature of these magazines is insulting and tasteless. One must bear in mind that taste depends on the individual it is a personalized judgement. What some people find in good humour others may find vulgar. As the notion of what is acceptable in our society varies over time so clearly it varies from one person to another.Mens magazines, such as Loaded and FHM, could be looked at as offensive to both men and women as they reinforce stereotypical images of macho men and sexist attitudes to there readers. Feminist, Robin Morgan made some very bold statements when she wrote about pornography, she said that it promote sexual violence and rape against women Pornography is the theory, rape is the practice She refers to pornography as humiliating women Women are hurt and economically and sexually exploited in the production of pornography. (1)Yet isnt it a brazen statement to refer to these magazines as pornography? David Gauntlett argues Mens magazines are purely for entertainment, they are not seriously on a crusade to return to a pre feminist ideal or harm anyone in an attempt to provide entertainment. (2)This is a universal opinion where most readers are concerned. I feel there is an important difference where sexist attitudes come into play, between lifestyle magazines and magazines such as treetop Gear or other car magazines which have half naked females draped across the body, for no apparent reason as she isnt an confederate to the carLifestyle magazines generally do portray women in a sexual way they conjure up a shallow and unrealistic view. well-nigh argue that the emergence of such magazines is an attempt to regain male dominance. Lacey suggests that it is the diminishing of mens power that has resulted in publications like FHM and Loaded, he says that the celebration of laddishness is a dire attempt to grasp what is left of traditional male identity.

Importance of Setting in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Ey

The Importance of Setting in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is the main character in the impertinent Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte. The story takes place in the mid 1800s in a variety of settings. The first setting is Gateshead Hall, the second is Lowood School, the third is Thornfield Hall, followed by Moor House, and ending when Jane reaches Ferndean. The first place Jane stays is Gateshead Hall. While at Gateshead, Jane is treated unfairly and is punished for things she did not do. After the death of Janes parents, her uncle, Mr. Reed, brought Jane into his house. On her uncles deathbed, Mr... ...HESIS SENTENCE IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH THAT SUMMARIZES FOR YOUR READERS WHAT THE VARIOUS LOCATIONS WILL MEAN TO JANE IN THE NOVEL*** ***TOO FREQUENT A USE OF THE leger THEN ***VERB TENSE IS NOT CONSISTENT THROUGHOUT THE PAPER** ***MAKE SURE TO USE COMMAS WHERE NEEDED, SUCH AS AFTER AN INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE***

frost Essay -- essays research papers

The Road Not Taken In line wiz, Frost introduces the elements of his primary metaphor, the diverging roads. Lines two to three expresses the speakers disappointment with his human limitations he must make a choice. The choice is not easy, since "long I stood" before coming to a decision. Lines four and five examine the path as exceed the cashier can. However his vision is limited because the path bends and is covered over. These lines indicate that although the speaker would like to acquire more information, he is prevented from doing so because of the reputation of his environment. In the adjacent three lines, lines six through eight, the speaker indicates that the second path is a more attractive choice because it appears as though cryptograph has ventured down it recently. However, he remains ambivalent, since the traveled path is "just as fair.?Although the poet breaks for a new stanza after line 10, the comparison of the paths continues in lines nightclub t hrough twelve. Here, the speaker states that the paths are "really about the same." Neither path has been traveled lately. Although hes searching for a clear logical reason to choose a bingle path, not one presents itself. In lines thirteen through fifteen, the speaker makes his decision. He tries to rationalize that he will be able to traverse twain paths one day. However, he is quick to dismiss his hopes. Ending line thirteen, the exclamation point conveys excitement, but that excitement is quickly undercut by the admission contained in the following lines. In the final four lines, the only stanza beginning with a new sentence, the tone clearly shifts. The speaker imagines himself in the future, discussing his life. What he suggests, here, though, appears to contradict what he has express earlier. At the end of the poem, in the future, he will claim that the paths were different from each other and that he, courageous, did not choose the conventional one. Frosts quarrel with the valet de chambre is seeming(a) in this poem. The speaker of this poem, presumable Frost himself, is forced to make a decision. Literally, he must choose a path in the timber. However, Frosts paths in the woods metaphorically describe the decisions that one must make in life. Frost is perturbed with the world because, like the speaker, he has to choose between two divergent paths. individually path appears to be suitable, yet, Fro... ... done something or spoken a word that indicates who he really is, there is no turning back, in cannot be undone. erst again at the end of the poem regret hangs over the traveler. He realizes that at the end of his life, somewhere ages and ages hence? he will moderate the declivity about having never gone back and traveling the road he did not take. Yet, he remains proud of his decision and recognizes that it was this path that he chose which helped him have a go at it the life he did. I took the road less traveled by and that has m ade all the difference? To this man, the most important thing was that he did not have to follow the crowd and could stand independent and travel down the road he really wanted to. If he had not, he would not be the same man he is now. There are many equally valid meanings to this poem and Robert Frost whitethorn have intended this. He may have been trying to achieve a universal meaning. In other words, there is no real moral to the poem. There is simply a narrator who makes a decision in his life that changed the direction of his life. It allows all readers from all different experiences to relate to the poem and encourages each to peruse his own dreams and individuality. frost establish -- essays research papers The Road Not Taken In line one, Frost introduces the elements of his primary metaphor, the diverging roads. Lines two to three expresses the speakers disappointment with his human limitations he must make a choice. The choice is not easy, since "long I stood" before coming to a decision. Lines four and five examine the path as best the narrator can. However his vision is limited because the path bends and is covered over. These lines indicate that although the speaker would like to acquire more information, he is prevented from doing so because of the nature of his environment. In the following three lines, lines six through eight, the speaker indicates that the second path is a more attractive choice because it appears as though nobody has ventured down it recently. However, he remains ambivalent, since the traveled path is "just as fair.?Although the poet breaks for a new stanza after line 10, the comparison of the paths continues in lines nine through twelve. Here, the speaker states that the paths are "really about the same." Neither path has been traveled lately. Although hes searching for a clear logical reason to choose a single path, not one presents itself. In lines thirteen through fifteen, the speaker makes his decision. He tries to rationalize that he will be able to traverse both paths one day. However, he is quick to dismiss his hopes. Ending line thirteen, the exclamation point conveys excitement, but that excitement is quickly undercut by the admission contained in the following lines. In the final four lines, the only stanza beginning with a new sentence, the tone clearly shifts. The speaker imagines himself in the future, discussing his life. What he suggests, here, though, appears to contradict what he has said earlier. At the end of the poem, in the future, he will claim that the paths were different from each other and that he, courageous, did not choose the conventional one. Frosts quarrel with the world is apparent in this poem. The speaker of this poem, presumable Frost himself, is forced to make a decision. Literally, he must choose a path in the woods. However, Frosts paths in the woods metaphorically describe the decisions that one must make in life. Frost is pert urbed with the world because, like the speaker, he has to choose between two divergent paths. Each path appears to be suitable, yet, Fro... ... done something or spoken a word that indicates who he really is, there is no turning back, in cannot be undone. Once again at the end of the poem regret hangs over the traveler. He realizes that at the end of his life, somewhere ages and ages hence? he will have the regrets about having never gone back and traveling the road he did not take. Yet, he remains proud of his decision and recognizes that it was this path that he chose which helped him live the life he did. I took the road less traveled by and that has made all the difference? To this man, the most important thing was that he did not have to follow the crowd and could stand independent and travel down the road he really wanted to. If he had not, he would not be the same man he is now. There are many equally valid meanings to this poem and Robert Frost may have intended this. He ma y have been trying to achieve a universal meaning. In other words, there is no real moral to the poem. There is simply a narrator who makes a decision in his life that changed the direction of his life. It allows all readers from all different experiences to relate to the poem and encourages each to peruse his own dreams and individuality.

Emancipation Proclamation :: essays research papers

Emancipation Proclamation, proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War, declaring all " knuckle downs within any put up, or designated part of a State ... then ... in rebellion, ... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." The states affected were enumerated in the proclamation specifically exempted were slaves in parts of the South then held by Union armies. Lincolns issue of the Emancipation Proclamation marked a radical change in his policy historians regard it as one of the great state documents of the United States. aft(prenominal) the outbreak of the Civil War, the slavery issue was made acute by the flight to Union lines of large numbers of slaves who volunteered to fight for their freedom and that of their fellow slaves. In these circumstances, a strict application of established policy would have required return of fugitive slaves to their Confederate masters and would have alienated the staunchest supporters of the Union give birth in the North and abroad.Abolitionists had long been urging Lincoln to free all slaves, and public opinion seemed to support this view. Advertisement Lincoln moved slowly and conservatively nonetheless on March 13, 1862, the federal government forbade all Union army officers to return fugitive slaves, thus annulling in effect the fugitive slave laws. On April 10, on Lincolns initiative, Congress declared the federal government would compensate slave owners who freed their slaves. All slaves in the District of Columbia were freed in this way on April 16, 1862. On June 19, 1862, Congress enacted a measure prohibiting slavery in United States territories, thus defying the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case, which ruled that Congress was impotent to regulate slavery in the territories.Finally, after the Union victory in the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation on September 22, declaring his object of promu lgating another proclamation in 100 days, freeing the slaves in the states deemed in rebellion at that time. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, conferring liberty on near 3,120,000 slaves. With the enactment of the 13th Amendment to the U.S.

AI :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONEver since I have read turing test, AI and robotics have always fascinated me. I always wondered how a computer can compete human in describeigence. When the first robot, its name, was commercially launched my fascination turned into the passion to take up research in the subject. Thus, I took up AI & Robotics as my research topic. AI is a branch of computer science, which deals with the study, and creation of computer systems that exhibit some kind of intelligence. Intelligent behaviour involves perception, reasoning, learning, communicating, and playing in complex environments. Ai makes use of the human responses, facts and the data from the real world in different situations to make intelligent systems known as experience Based Systems.The field of cognitive science overlaps AI. Cognitive scientists study the nature of intelligence from a psychological point of view, mostly building computer illustrations that overhaul elucidate what happens in our brains during p roblem solving, remembering, perceiving, and other psychological processes. matchless major contribution of AI and cognitive science to psychology has been the information processing model of human thinking in which the metaphor of brain-as-computer is taken quite literally.One of major branch of Ai is robotics. A robot is a mechanical artifice that is programmed to perform using the knowledge, facts and results from either its past experiences or its environment (i-robots). EVOLUTION OF ROBOTSWe humans tend to make errors with increasing fatigue. Humans are not heart-to-heart of working for prolonged hours without taking breaks and hence are not flexible. The idea behind the creation of robots was to create a machine that will do what we tell it. The machine which could perform work with accuracy, and in no time. Also a machine which could do the repetitive jobs of humans without getting tired. Robots were developed keeping in mind that they wont be having any emotions. It would be a simple machine that could move like humans, have arms and legs, grasp things and do work. A machine that works by remote control, like a machine that can be programmed to do. Robots, are as flexible as they can be. One can program them to work 24X7 without taking breaks.HOW AI AND ROBOTICS IS RELATED Robot is a complex structure of different mechanical parts, each part execute a specified function. These parts work in accordance to achieve some predefined goals construction and manufacturing process in industries, helping humans in day-by-day lives etc.

AI :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONEver since I have read turing test, AI and golemics have always hypnotized me. I always wondered how a computer can compete human intelligence. When the first robot, its name, was commercially launched my fascination turned into the passion to take up seek in the subject. Thus, I took up AI & Robotics as my research topic. AI is a branch of computer science, which deals with the study, and creation of computer systems that exhibit some soft of intelligence. Intelligent behaviour involves perception, reasoning, learning, communicating, and acting in complex environments. Ai makes use of the human responses, facts and the data from the real world in different situations to make legal systems known as Knowledge Based Systems.The field of cognitive science overlaps AI. Cognitive scientists study the nature of intelligence from a psychological point of view, in general building computer models that help elucidate what happens in our brains during problem solving, remembe ring, perceiving, and other psychological processes. One major contribution of AI and cognitive science to psychology has been the information processing model of human thinking in which the metaphor of brain-as-computer is taken quite literally.One of major branch of Ai is robotics. A robot is a mechanistic device that is programmed to perform using the knowledge, facts and results from either its past experiences or its environment (i-robots). EVOLUTION OF ROBOTSWe humans tend to make errors with increasing fatigue. globe are not capable of working for prolonged hours without taking breaks and hence are not plastic. The idea behind the creation of robots was to create a political machine that will do what we tell it. The machine which could perform work with accuracy, and in no time. Also a machine which could do the repetitive jobs of humans without acquiring tired. Robots were developed keeping in mind that they wont be having any emotions. It would be a simple machine that could move like humans, have mail and legs, grasp things and do work. A machine that works by remote control, like a machine that can be programmed to do. Robots, are as flexible as they can be. One can program them to work 24X7 without taking breaks.HOW AI AND ROBOTICS IS RELATED Robot is a complex structure of different mechanical parts, each part performing a specified function. These parts work in accordance to achieve some predefined goals construction and manufacturing process in industries, luck humans in daily lives etc.

In the National Gallery

In the pitiful apologue In the National impulsion by Doris Lessing we follow a cashier, which gender is unknown for the indorser. The story line takes place in the National Gallery therefore the name of the short story. The fibbers intention in the gallery is to find a picture big enough to be able to sit in the middle of the live looking at it, which is succeeded. An doddery man joins the bank clerk on the bench together with a younger man, besides with the intention of looking at the picture.The old man lectures the younger man about Stubbs picture which shows that the old man already familiar with the picture, How much I would have deald to know as much as he did(p. 2 ll. 15-16) However it does non interest the younger one, and he walks away while looking, a bit rueful, like a educatee chidden by a teacher(p. 2 ll. 21-22). The storyteller makes up a relation betwixt the young and the cured man, which is shown in the following quote, as if saying, Oh, lets kiss an d make up (p. 2 ll. 29). It shows how the narrator makes up an affected relationship between the two of them.As if they are boyfriends. It is not abnormal if they are homosexuals besides the abnormal thing about the assumable relationship is the big generation gap. Another example of a big generation gap in the short story is when a group of young French girls steps into the gallery. The narrator mentions how the girls entrance creates a contrast to the normality in the National Gallery. In the group there is a sort of leader a package to be admired (p. 3 line 41-42) as the narrator says. The narrator explains to the reader how the old man on the bench is gazing intensely on the leader of the girl group.Of course the reader is not 100% reliable in the things he/she observes, but the old mans interest in the young girl is patent in a quote, which is when the old man addresses the narrator, Shes like a girl I was in love with once. (p. 3 ll. 71). He tells the narrator about how the g irl from the past walked out on him, and this arouses old, hidden feelings in the old man. Throughout Doris Lessings In the National Gallery the reader follows the progress in the short story through a 1st mortal narrator. He/she acts passively and is just observing throughout the whole short story.The narrator attaches importance to the relationship between the elderly and the young man and alike especially the relationship between the elderly man and the young French girl. The only time the narrator acts actively in the short story is when he/she talks to the old man about his first love that the French girl looks like. Because of the 1st psyche narrator the short story does not inevitably correspond with what is happening in reality. The group of girls and the two men is characters we only hear about through the narrator. It means that what the narrator tells the reader about the characters is not necessarily true.We experiences them as the narrator do. This is show by this q uote, In the space of a moment the scene had turned ugly. (p. ll. 24), this is just the way the narrator experiences the situation, but she/he doesnt know how the young man and the old man is used to talk with each other and does not now their body language. It is also shown how the narrator is quick to judge in the beginning when the two men are having a discussion. He/she only hears few parts of the conversation between the two, and yet there is an immediately judgment, that the relationship between them are student and teacher, A son?A younger brother? Certainly a pupil (p. 1 ll. 12). However some of the comments between the two of them, as earlier mentioned creates some a kind of love affair. A 1st person narrator can never be looked at as a trustworthy narrator. Doris Lessing maybe uses this kind of narrator to make her points more indirect and discreet. The short story would have been told in a whole different way, if she had used a third person omniscient point of view. With a first person narrator the reader is forced to think about what the narrator tells us if we want to get a deeper meaning of what is being told.An example of this is in the end of the short story. The group of girls is leaving the National Gallery and the narrator assumes that the old man is following them, Slowly, he followed. Oh no, I was thinking There was a wildness in the air, unexpressed, and raw, and dangerous. (p. 5 ll. 151-154). What the narrator experiences in this quote do not correspond with the environment that usually is in a museum. The narrator gets carried away with his/hers lively imaginations since the narrator has these associations.On the other hand, a 1st person narrator gives a subjective, detailed description of the characters. In this short story the narrator for instance sympathize with the elderly man but also thinks that it is repulsive that he looks so intensely after the French girl The man next to me was staring hard at her(p. 3 ll. 51). Because of the detailed description of the characters, the reader does not need to think about the underlying information about them. But again, a 1st person narrator is unreliable which the reader needs to be attentive about.

Fatherhood Essay

Homer Simp discussion from The Simpsons, Peter Griffin from Family Guy, and Jerry from Wizards of Waverly Place, argon just a few of the m some(prenominal) y bring outh television shows that set a dangerously distorted male figure. Or The Sweet Life of Zack and Cody, who run rampant throughout the hotel that they alert in with their mother who was left to go on her tykeren due to a dead beat sustain who left the family when the kids were young. Whether there is a Dad or there is non a Dad they ar presented as weak, childish, and brainless(prenominal).These men are, at best, the whipping post for the strong-willed mothers who ap provely have the real power and are the ones that essenti all toldy keep the mob and the children from dropping apart. It is trig that the role of arresthood has been distorted and watered down in the current century. Because of this, many modern day fuck offs fail to accomplish their duties towards their family, duties defined in Scripture, non b ecause they do not want to unless because they do not understand how of import they are to their family, because society tells them that they are not really needed, and exclusively that they do not even know where to start.The task of being a receive is of critical importance, and it has never been much so than in this day and eld. A childs relationship with Dad is a decisive factor in that young man or womans health, development and happiness. Stephen K. Baskerville, an American scholar of political science as salubrious as a leading authority on divorce, child custody and the family court system, wrote, A coevals of tyrohood advocates has emerged who insist that pay offlessness is the nearly critical social issue of our time.In Fatherless America, David Blankenhorn calls the crisis of fatherless children the most destructive trend of our generation (1995, 1). Their case is powerful. approximately every major social pathology issue has been linked to fatherless children violent crime, drug and alcohol abuse, truancy, unwed pregnancy, suicide, and psychological disordersall correlating more strongly with fatherlessness than with any other single factor, surpassing even come closely and poverty. The majority of prisoners, juvenile detention inmates, high school dropouts, pregnant teenagers, adolescent murderers, and rapists come from fatherless homes (Daniels 1998, passim).Children from abounding and broken families are much more likely to get into trouble than children from poor nevertheless intact ones, and white children from separated families are at higher risk than black children in intact families (McLanahan 1998, 88). The connection between single-parent households and crime is so strong that controlling for this factor erases the relationship between race and crime as well as between low income and crime (Kamarck and Galston 1990, 14) (Baskerville, independent. org). These statistics bring forth something vastly different than what is seen in pop cultures most-watched TV shows.Despite these staggering statistics, no attempt is being made to change this very prominent issue that American society faces every day. quite of the government boil downing on getting rid of poverty through public school systems, go to the true source of the issue which would involve eliminating one-parent families and didactics every young man the importance of fatherhood and should be preparing them to step up when that day comes. History also plays a key role in the downfall of Male leaders in the home. The Industrial Revolution came upon the world with great force.Women began entering the workforce and started becoming more and more independent. Feminists rose from this age and helped fuel the beginnings of what we see today that being, more and more single family homes, often being run by the mother and not the father. Women think they can do it on their own but this is not ceaselessly the case. There are some women out there who have been able to raise successful children but this is not the case for many other single family homes. The bible is very vocal when it comes to fatherhood. The concept of fatherhood begins with the one who created the universe.Derek Prince, an international Bible teacher, says that The fact freighter all other facts is that paragon created the universe as father. He left his imprint on every aspect of creation (Prince, 57). God is indeed, the perfect father whom every earthly father should modeling themselves after and give their all to be the best father they can be. Proverbs 226-11 reads, Train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it (English Standard Version). The father is the initial instructor of his children and because sets the path for how they are going to live their lives.Ephesians 64 is a summary of assertion to parents, represented by the father, in a negative and despotic way which states, and now a word to you fathers , dont make your children angry by the way you treat them. Rather, bring them up with the discipline and instruction approved by the Lord (English Standard Version). This is where the issue of discipline comes into play. The father should not discipline with the intention of frustrating their child or making their child feel less of themselves. Wanda L. Ball, an author, verbalizer, and teacher, writes, A wise parent wants to make obedience desirable through tell apart and gentleness.Christian discipline is needed to prevent children from leavening up without reverence for God, respect for their parents authority, knowledge of Christian standards and self-control. 2 Timothy 316-17 says, All scripture is given of God and is gainful for teaching, reproving, correcting and instruction in righteousness that the man (or woman) of God may be completely equipped for all secure works. This is what the Bible says about being a father (Ball-publications. com). With this being said, a so lid framework for how a father should be is established. The tricky part is how to carry this all out. God is indeed the model father.As Josh McDowell writes in his book, The Father Connection, He is a tender Father who invites us to address Him as AbbaHe is a listening Father who bids us to approach him boldly as our father in heaven He is a loving Father who freely and forcefully demonstrated his Father-love at the baptism of his Son, Jesus with a voice like thunder that said, This is my Son, whom I love with him I am well pleased. He is a giving Father who gives good gifts to his children. He is the Father of all, the very definition of father-hood, the fount of everything that is good, moral, and worthy of imitation (McDowell, 18).If this is not how a father would want to be then something is very wrong. every(prenominal) man should be humble enough to model themselves to be like their Heavenly father who gave them the opportunity to even be a father. God is a wondrous God who is more to us than just a Creator. What follows will lay out all that a father should be towards his son, his girl, as well as his wife. These will all be discussed separately and then related back to each-other in the end. For his son, a father must create an early flummox with him, must be able to discipline his son, and lastly, must be a consistent voice for his son in every aspect of life.For his daughter, a father must recognize that he is the first man in her life, must invariably encourage her, must exercise leadership and display perseverance, and call for to be there for his daughter by comforting her, being compassionate, and by supporting her. Lastly for a father, is his relationship with his wife, who is the source of his father-hood. How a husband treats his wife is crucial in raising children. A husband must be able to take input from his wife and be able to make decisions from that input, must love and cherish his wife at all time, and must also be able to give praise to his wife.A fathers children watch him constantly and one of the main ways children learn from their father is by observing how he treats their mother. The modern day man fails to accomplish his duties towards his son to teach and guide him towards manhood. paternity is not something to fool around with and take lightly. A father has the responsibility of properly raising members of the future generations. The job of a father is not just doing well in business but rather raising their son. A fathers main goal in raising his son should be to train the young boy throughout his early life how to be a man and to teach him what it means to be a man.Fatherhood is complex and requires hard work and commitment, as well as love. To start, manhood needs to be defined. wriggle Johnson, a best-selling Christian author and speaker focusing on parenting, marriage, fathering, personal growth, character development, and masculinity, says that authentic manhood is living for a cause bigge r than yourself (Johnson, 18-19). This means that one should not simply live for themselves but live for the benefit of others. A man needs to be a servant to others which includes, first and foremost, his wife and children to be the protector and leader.When it comes to the son, he needs to be able to look at his father in a similar way to the way he looks at superheroes like superman and spider-man. In other words, his father needs to be able to look at his father and say, I want to be like my dad when I grow up. For a father, this type of respect must be earned. Relationships are hard work and take effort and care. As it says in Proverbs, train a child in the way he should go, and when he is older he will not turn from it (English Standard Version, Proverbs 226). A father needs to focus on his character because that is the best way to gain a young boys respect.A father could be courageous, compassionate, loving, strong, understanding, and so on. A son will come up this and seek to emulate it. To start out, a father must begin to bond with his son in his sons early years. This is much harder to do now than it did in the past. Before the Industrial Revolution, the father and son were with each other almost every moment of every day. The father would work the land at home and would train his son at an early age to do the same. Fathers did not have to take time out of there day to have attach time with their son.It just happened because thats how the times were (Johnson). Unfortunately, after the Industrial revolution, the men started to work outside of the home for hours and hours on end and were not home near as much. In current culture it becomes more and more difficult for fathers to bond with their sons in the early stages of life. Cheryl Erwin, a licensed marriage and family therapist who provides parent coaching, parent education, and professional training to help you develop both wisdom and skill wrote, A fathers role in the raising of his children has changed dramatically over the past century or two.In generations past, sons expected to follow in their fathers footsteps, apprenticing in their work and in their approach to life. During the nineteenth century, however, fathers began to go out to work, and the measure of a mans success slowly changed. Rather than the closeness of his family and the strength of his family business, a mans worth could be calculated in his income, the value of his house, and the size of his car. Parenting became womens work fathers were just too busy earning a living.And generations of boys grew up hungering for closeness with a father they barely knew, psyche who came home however to eat dinner, look over omework, hear about the days misbehavior, and watch a little television (Erwin, life. familyeducation. com) Sons yearn for their fathers. In Proverbs it says, The glory of sons is their fathers (English Standard Version, Proverbs 176). Just as Gods people seek to worship him, a son seeks to w orship his father. Its clear that young boys seek to be like their father. They try to walk the same way, talk the same way, dress the same way. It is a part of our genetic makeup. Rick Johnson writes, Our sons eyes are watching us constantly.They observe how we react to the many justices and injustices of the world (Johnson, 20). They need to see a mans ability to recur from mistakes and stay strong in tough times. A boy relies on his father to be there through all of what life brings forth. Next, a father needs to be able to discipline his son. Many men misunderstand the concept of discipline. They think that discipline should be used to instill fear in their children for what he might do to punish them for their wrongful actions. This however, is exactly the opposite of what disciplining is.Discipline is to be done in love and not anger. One does not discipline because he is angry that his child has overstepped his bounds. Instead, he should be committed to teaching the child wh at to do and what not to do to know what is right and what is wrong. Dr. Lawrence Balter, a child psychologist and parenting expert wrote that discipline is not just punishing, forcing compliance or stamping out bad behavior. Rather, discipline has to do with teaching proper deportment, caring about others, controlling oneself and putting someone else wishes before ones own when the occasion calls for it.When disciplining, the focus needs to be on teaching and not on punishing. Over time, as a father bonds with his son and develops a deeper relationship with him, the son should not have to fear the wrath that is about to come but should instead fear disappointing him due to the deep respect the son has for the father. Lastly, possibly the most difficult of all, is the father being a constant example to his son. In order for the son to accept things that he is corrected about, he must see that the Father does those things that he is constantly instilling in his son.The most important of which is being respectful to everyone. In order for ones son to respect him, they must see that the father respects everyone in all situations including his son. In order to get respect you must first give it . Respect is earned. In relation to having respect for others, the father must display self-respect. A boy must see confidence in his father. The father must know that no matter what people think of him his son will always think highly of him. This goes a long with the fact that boys yearn for their fathers love.Included in being an example is having respect for women. Chivalry, something that has been around for hundreds of years is becoming less and less implemented in young men by their fathers. One of the simplest ways a father can do this is by opening doors for women. This shows a young boy that we are willing servants of women in that we do the dirty work. A woman is delicate and should be treated as such. Chivalry is only the half of it. A father needs to be an exa mple for his son by how he treats his wife.The bible calls men to be considerate of their wives and to treat them with respect. If a son sees his father disrespecting his wife he will more than likely treat women in a similar fashion and vice versa. In the end, the father plays the most crucial role in the development of a young man. It is easy for a man to become distracted with all of the things life throws at him and forget about how important he is to his son. A man needs to set his priorities straight from the moment he gets married and has children. In all things, God is first, family is second, and work is third.A man needs to, above all else, instill biblical principles in the family life. He needs to be the anchor of the family in Christ. He is the natural leader and needs to act as such. His job is to raise a son with the same values. Moving on to daughters, Meg Meeker, a Pediatrician, wrote, Fathers, more than anyone else, set the course for a daughters life (Meeker 1). W hether a father wants to believe it, he is the most important person in a young girls life, not the mother. The problem today is that fathers assume they do not have much of an influence on their daughters.A father automatically thinks that the mother has the bigger responsibility over the daughter because she can better relate to a girls problems. In media, it is very harsh for the father to cause their daughter to cry over an unimportant issue and then would send the mother after her to comfort her. Unfortunately, this is how it is in many homes. Fathers are becoming more and more distant from their daughters and are unaware of how detrimental this can be as they become more and more uninvolved in their daughters life.The modern day father fails to accomplish his duties towards his daughter and to realize how important he is to his daughter, not because he does not want to but because he does not know what to do or even where to start. A father needs to recognize that he is the f irst man in his daughters life, needs to be encouraging of his daughter, must display leadership and perseverance, and must be able to be compassionate and understanding towards his daughters emotions and problems.

Fear in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay

In small-army works of literature, the behavior of a sheath or a group of characters is motivated by emotion. In Chinua Achebes Nigerian novel, Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is motivated by the aid.Throughout Things Fall Apart, Okonkwos actions discern place because he is afraid of seemly A Woman like his father. Not only does he act masculine to come in man-sized to the settlementrs, he does it to satisfy his own conscious. Okonkwo portrays a short temper in this book. Small things such as his supper being late and remarks about his hunting anger him, and decease to his beating of his wives and his son Nwoya. His desire to appear manly often fogged his judgment. When the time came to kill Ikemefuna, the boy who cal lead him father, he was told by his best friend that he should non take part in this because the boy looked up to him. Okonkwo knew his friend was right.When he, Ikemefuna and other leaders of the tribe went to the woods to carry out the task, Okonkwo did not indi rect request the other men to think that he was weak so he cut down his own son. Okonkwos actions were also motivated by the fear that his whole village would become weak. After re tour from his exile in Mbanta, Okonkwo realized that the Christians were taking over. Unlike the rest of his tribe he wanted to go to war with them and drive them out. Soon he realized that during his seven years in exile Umuofia had changed and no longer was feared tribe it used to be. Okonkwo continued to involvement the inevitable. His actions were never able to help his village his worst fear had come true, they had become weak.Okonkwo suffers the consequences of his actions being motivated by fear throughout Things Fall Apart. He damages his relationship with his family, and his actions lead to his eventual death. Okonkwo and his son Nwoye could never relate to each other. Both had totally different outlooks. Okonkwo was always trying to appear manly and trying to wreak Nwoye to appear the same way . These things were not really important to Nwoye, and Okonkwo could not understand why. He often beat his son thinking that it would get him to understand. When the Christians came through and were looking for new people for their church, Nwoye joined. He was just waiting for a good chance to leave his father. Okonkwo was also exiled because of his strong desire to appear masculine.The gun that inadvertently killed his fellow villagers wasdefective but he still chose to take it to the council meeting so he would not seem weak. Because he brought a defective gun to the meeting and he accidentally killed a clansman he was exiled for seven years. All of his dreams of becoming the most successful and respected man in Umuofia went up in smoke, because his fear of being seen as Womanlike clouded his good judgment. His eventual death was also caused by his fear of becoming like his father. He could not handle the fact that his village had changed during his exile. They had become weak and were no longer willing to go to war. Okonkwo felt that he had quite an not live than live like a woman so he hanged himself. Okonkwo was unwilling to accept change which was his eventual downfall.Finally, Okonkwos fear of turning out like his father affects the overall work in three main ways. It leads to the storys denouement. Okonkwos unwillingness to accept change led to his death in the end of the story. He could never have been happy in a society where masculinity was not important. He had rather not live than live in a Womanish village. Further, Okonkwos fear of being unmasculine affects Things Fall Apart by contributing to the storys mood. Because of Okonkwos short temper and unpredictability the mood of this novel was tense. The reader never knew when he was going to get mad and beat somebody or break up at them. Finally, and most importantly, Okonkwos fear of being weak creates the storys profoundest theme, One must adapt to their surroundings. Because Okonkwo was unable to accept the change of his village it leads to his eventual downfall. Okonkwo could never live in a village full of Women.

Knowledge based World

What is the relationship among money, labor, cost, profitability, and intimacy in the modern democratic-capitalistic society?Basically, money, be and profitability argon intertwined because these are numerical unit set in order to run a vocation. Money roll in the hay be in the form of profit margins or investments. Costs are the actual assets indispensable to proceed with a decided business strategy while profitability is the realized difference of capital and accumulated sales. On the other hand, labor and jazzledge are primary factors to realize the business strategy by the accompany. weary resources provide the actual concept of productivity while knowledge is a weapon to outline the business techniques. Both labor and knowledge predict the actual money values the business can use or receive.2. Why should managers be concerned about developing a reward system?The reward system can promote a greater sense of productivity because it can directly affect the motivation princ iples of each employee (Answers, 2008). The personnel of a company will eventually have the attitude of designating quality work philosophy if they know that benefits are available for them if they will be able to satisfy the business quality goal.3. What is the connection between labor costs in the United States and outsourcing?Labors costs are the amount of investments the company can disseminate regularly in order to maintain a pool of workers in the production segment of the business. Labor costs in foreign lands are cheaper compared to the national labor market of the US. Therefore, the rate of outsourcing work outside of the country is inversely proportional to labor costs in foreign markets (lower foreign labor cost-higher outsourcing rate). In another perspective, outsourcing rates are directly proportional to labor costs in the US (higher domestic labor cost-higher outsourcing rate).4. What changes are occurring in the work major power relative to the kinds of work employe es are performing?Depending on the kind of business, changes in the business workforce activities are mainly predicted by the performance of the company. If the company is losing its market grip, it has to cut down the number of employees and train the remaining diddly-shits to become multi-task workers, therefore increasing their work loads. Moreover, if the company intends to draw a unused product line-up for expansion, then some employees may be tasked to do a new set of work loads to produce the new offerings.5. How would labor relations executive be influenced by the change from a manufacturing to a service economy?The main aspect of change can only(prenominal) be realized in the way the executive/s will train the attitudes of the laborers. Basically, the service celestial sphere is more demanding because it tends to interact directly with the needs of the clients. Of course, the manufacturing sector has its own standards of quality but engaging in a service economy can b e more challenging since customer feedback and person-to-person business approaches are delegated.6. In what way does Title VII of the civil rights act 1964 affect the compensation system of an organization? Does this act really work?The courteous Rights Law of 1964 provides the structure for companies to create their compensation systems (US EEOC, 1997). Because of this law, businesses provide the necessary equal opportunities allotment in terms of submitting fair and justified wage rates. Sometimes, there are instances when this act does not work especially when the company incurs losses in long term operations. There were cases when business owners were sued due to benefits reduction and discrimination of employees in terms of age and racial affiliation7. Describe an orderly and systematic procedure for developing a job analysis program.For job analysis, an effective procedure is to start the study from the bottom segment of the company operation up to the last ruling individua l. First, there is a need to survey the labor force whether they are satisfied with their job status. Second, the company operations should be calibrated regularly to see whether the company projections are met. Lastly, the administration should have a utter(a) consultation with the business owners in relaying the overall status of the work force. This systematic procedure can cover all the possible dilemmas by using cost-efficient utilization of information among the workers and the management.8. Some experts in the field have expressed the credit that job descriptions are unnecessary and a waste of time. Describe your opinion of the value of job descriptions and present reasons to support your opinion.A job description is important because it right away specifies the qualities that a company is looking for a potential laborer according to a list of specified tasks (McNamara, 1997). These criterions enable the business to save time instead of filtering out candidates from a lar ge pool of generic talents. For example, a job description in terms of educational attainment and experience will let the hiring company save training resources since the candidate can readily accommodate specific tasks say for example machine operation, business metrics and computational analysis of data.9. Are job evaluations a type of internal lawfulness?On a personal perspective, job evaluations truly reflect the internal stability of a company. Because of this principle, laborers will have the chance to prove their worth in the organizational function while at the same time the management will be able to identify who of its labor elements is productive enough for the companys mission statement.ReferencesAnswers. 2008. Employee Reward and Recognition Systems. Answers Corporation. Retrieved February 6, 2008 from http//www.answers.com/topic/employee-reward-and-recognition-systems?cat=biz-fin.McNamara, C. 1997. Employee Job Descriptions. Free Management Library. Retrieved February 6, 2008 from http//www.managementhelp.org/staffing/specify/job_desc/job_desc.htm.U.S. EEOC. 1997. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved February 6, 2008 from http//www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html.

Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind

What is intelligence ? What is biologically programmed behaviour ? How make these behavioral forms associate to other facets of the biological science of the breathing beings that own them, and to their generative biological science in peculiar? How does intelligence associate to intentional behaviour and more specifically, to human civilization? Biologically programmed behaviour explains approximately, moreover non all, non-mammal craniate behaviour. Early surveies of non-mammal craniates characterized behavior as replete -a term that suggested that such behaviours are fixed and changeless. Later surveies documented both a grade of tractableness and the talent to larn new behavioural forms by non-mammal craniates. Such surveies cast as well shown that mammals, in general, have a greater repertory of erudite behaviours than in the beginning craniates. Biologically programmed behavior is, hence, better understood as a scope of programmed behaviours which have increa sed unusually with the teaching of the mammal biological composite.The neurological background for learned behaviour and intelligence are, in big portion, due to alterations in the generative system. Internal fertilisation foremost occurred in the organic evolution of reptilians. In the development of placental mammals, there was non merely internal fertilisation, but besides conceptuslogical development in utereo. Such a generative system leaves a footing for the animate being to turn into a developed province before holding to confront the external institution. Placentation, a womanish parent s ability to provide foods and O to a developing embryo, is non without disadvantages in animate beings such as the higher Primatess, the female parent s filiation watercourse and the developing embryo blood watercourse have a close connexion with the placenta. In many placental mammals, there is a instead non-porous membrane, which separates the maternal blood catamenia from the e mbryologic blood stream, while leting foods to go through. If there is major mutant in the embryo, which is reflected in the embryologic blood watercourse, the female parent s blood stream will non interact with the mutant and will non bring out antibodies, which would kill the embryo. In the higher Primatess, this membrane is such(prenominal) more permeable and much more efficient in the transmittal of foods. A disadvantage is that any major embryologic mutant, which is reflected in the embryologic blood stream, will bring forth antibodies against the mutant this usually consequences in self-generated abortion or abortion.Uterine development has helped mammals insure the greater success of their progeny. The mammalian endurance scheme is cognize as the K scheme, and it is based upon a high parental investing in specie endurance. Fostering a smaller figure of offspring ensures a higher per centum of those offspring will make generative adulthood. A decrease in birth figure is associated with birth of unrecorded immature in most mammals. This scheme is different from the craniate R scheme, where the parent produces a big figure of orchis, which when fertilized produce a big figure of immature. The difference in these devil endurance schemes crumb be supported by the different attitudes toward get going. In worlds ( and other mammals ) decease of immature mammals is a serious injury in vertebrates the decease of a hatchling is the regulation of nature, and endurance is the exclusion.The stimulation -response cringle characterizes much of the behaviour of earlier craniates. A centripetal input comes into the craniate encephalon, which is linked to a boss motor end product. A celebrated illustration of biologically programmed behaviour is the generative behaviour of the three-spined Stickleback of the Rhine/North Sea. An external event triggers a serial publication of biologically linked behaviours, which consequences in successful reproduction. As spring occurs in North Sea, there is more daylight. This stimulates the pineal secretory organ of the female, which, in bend, signals the hypothalamus, which produces a neurotransmitting chemical to the pituitary secretory organ. This in bend consequences in the secernment of pituitary endocrines, which stimulates the ovaries to bring forth 1000s of eggs. This gives the female a swollen belly and is a bell ringer stimulation to the male prickleback. In response, the male does a zigzag dance, which is referred to as a fixed action form. The dance, in bend, acts as a mark stimulation to the female, who follows the male to the nest, and through an extra series of gestural stimulations and fixed action forms, moves through the nest to lodge the eggs. The male so passes over the eggs with sperm. Natural choice favours the keeping of these neurological tracts in the males and females because they successfully locomote to bring forth fertilisation to set it the other manner, if a female has a neurological alteration where she would non acknowledge the zigzag dance, she will non be able to reproduce. In a series of experiments, Tinbergen and his pupils were able to demo that the bootless abdomen of the female prickleback is the originating mark stimulation. Raising male prickleback in entire isolation, they introduced them into the H2O with both populating females every bit good as with metal lineations of females with conceited abdomens. Regardless ( and even when the lineation of the female was grossly distorted ) , the males produced the zigzag dance. It was hard pumped-up(a) in their nature. Individual animate beings, hence, have small direct input in altering behavioural sequences. Once the female has laid her eggs, and they have been fertilized, that represents the terminal of parental investing. It is non difficult to see how clime or other alteration can quickly stop an full species that relies on biologically programmed behaviour for reproduction. The absence of daytime for a individual spring in the North Sea would limit the terminal of prickleback reproduction.Young mammals are born incapacitated and dependent, and they go through a drawn-out babyhood and young person of fostering completely dependent on grownup coevals. Because the parental investing of mammals is the attention of really little figure of offspring, the duty falls chiefly on females. There was besides an development of mammary secretory organs for this postal nurturing period. During this clip of weakness, the animate being has the freedom to detect the universe, while being feed and protected. This generative system of mammals, hence, allows the mammal understanding cerebral mantle to integrate and internalise the sensory patterns the animate being has experienced. The animate being is utilizing intelligence -the ability to build a perceptual theoretical account of the universe inside your caput ( Jerison ) .The mammal encephalon has developed into a construction, which provided the footing for both learned behaviour and intelligence. The function of the encephalon is to enforce a theoretical account of the universe on centripetal informations, and supply appropriate responses to it. This is non an wholly new development it represents an development of the ingenious cerebral mantle as a go-between between perceptual experience and response ( motor end product ) , and the integrating of input from an chills and fever auditory sensory system.Learned behaviour and intelligence are non the same. Learned behaviour is the ability of an animate being to screen through a mixing of possible behavioural results, and choice which behaviour is appropriate. When driving a auto, for illustration, an person has to pick when it is appropriate to turn right at a ruddy indubitable radiation. Learned behaviour is portion of the mammal form, but it is differentially distributed worlds have an tremendous ability for erudite behaviour, compared to the limited degrees of other mammals. The cardinal account is the intellectual cerebral mantle. Choice behaviour is located in the frontal lobe. Worlds have the greatest ability to detect, compose, and internalise many complicated theoretical accounts of the encompassing universe. perception and learned behaviour are necessary for worlds to keep a societal world over the long-run. In the words of Ward Goodenough, civilization is the criterions of behaviour learned and understood by members of a society. Not all members of the society learn the same set or scope of criterions, and this distinguishes the rank is a assorted sub-groups of the society. The ability of mammal immature, during socialisation, to larn the behaviours appropriate for endurance in their environment and in cooperation within societal groups, is basically the ability to obtain civilization. This ability distinguishes these mammals from the difficult wired biologically programmed behaviour of non-mammals. T here are many mammals that are lone ( i.e. a cat ) , and they do hold learned behaviours, which they obtained during the dependence period. Social mammals, nevertheless, have the exact criterions of erudite behaviours.Culture is, hence, the composite that allows worlds to keep societal world over the long-run. This is non specific to worlds, nevertheless, because all societal mammals trade with the issues of communal life. During babyhood, the kid observes the universe around him/her and internalizes the behaviours of grownups. Children in societal groups so play together, because drama is the pattern of grownup behaviours.Human civilization, in the words of Ralph Holloway, is defined as the infliction of coercive signifier on the environment. Rock tools, for illustration, are iconic, because they are of arbitrary form. The mental ability to enforce this form on the environment is a consequence of the development of the intellectual cerebral mantle. Such neurological alterations would non hold been possible without alterations in the mammalian reproductive system.MentionsGoodenough, Ward H. Culture. Blackboard. Web.Holloway, Ralph L. Human palaeontological grounds relevant to lingual communication behaviour. Blackboard. Web.Jerison, Henry J. Paleoneurology and the Evolution of Mind. Blackboard. Web.Mann, Alan. The Brain, Power Point Presentations 1 and 2. Lecture.

The Orangutans

INTRODUCTION Do you greet this animal guys? Yes, ure alright, this cute animal has name Orangutan. And do you know where we can mystify these animal? Of course in the forest, its a mistake if you say it can be found at your home or in Unesas area hehe.. The question I mean is Do you know where country they can survive alive? OK,, I think you will understand subsequently this presentation, beca wasting disease in this presentation we are going to talk more(prenominal) about this animal and the reality how they can be threatened in nowadays.Orangutans are the single exclusively Asian genus of extant great ape. They have proportionally longer arms than the other, more terrestrial, and great apes. They are among the most intelligent primates and use a variety of sophisticated tools, they overly can make sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. So, its not stranger if they are often called as the human of forest. You know guys, Orangutans are now found only in Sumatra and Borneo, in Southeast Asia.Nowadays, the biggest threat that is faced by the habitat of orangutans is a decreasing of their habitat because the rain forest where they live is used as palm embrocate, mining and trees felled for timber. Orangutans have lost 80% of the habitat in slight than 20 long time. Indonesia is one country that has reduced the number of the worlds largest tropical forest. There are no signs that show reduced rates of deforestation. About 15 years ago, there were approximately 1. million hectares of forest area that continues to cut down every year in Indonesia, and continue to grow in 2000 as many an(prenominal) as 2 million hectare. Legal and illegal loggings have affected the depreciation amount of forest in Indonesia. The opening of the forest as oil fields in Indonesia also has resulted in millions of hectares of forest clearing, and it will happen later to all the plain forests which are not protected. As an information, we have to know that Indonesia is a home for 90 percent of the remaining species wild orangutans that have habitat in the tropical rain forest.But the forests in Indonesia for 50 years has been much reduced because of illegal logging, land clearing for oil palm industry, paper and pulp. Consequently, these orangutans have lost their homes, and forced to scramble land with humans, that ultimately lead to troth. And this conflict really happened in Kalimantan, it has recently been reported that there was a massive slaughter of orangutans in Kalimantan. The existence of endangered orangutans in East Kalimantan has been even more endangered.They continue to be slaughtered, as the impact of forest clearing for oil palm formation. According to the results of a recent survey, people who live on the Indonesian side of Borneo or Kalimantan, have killed at least 750 orangutans in a year. The beginning point of orangutans slaughter is originated from a palm oil caller of Malaysia that plans to plant oil palm there, they held deforestation which reached thousands hectares of forest. As a result, habitat for animals, especially orangutans in the forest habitat becomes damaged.They will lose their homes and their food sources. So that, they survived their lives by eating the buds of palm oil that has been planted. This makes the company owners furious, they decide orangutan is a pest and must be destroyed. One of witness even said that the company promised to pay anyone who managed to kill and persecute the orangutans will be paid 500 thousand to 1 million rupiahs. So, that triggers the local society to do the hunting of orangutans with unhomogeneous ways to get that reward.This is basically what this paper are going to talk. This paper will give a complete and detail analysis from the information in a higher place of the case of the orangutan slughter problem by giving the prediction of the negative effect that are going to be hapenned if this condition continues. This paper will also give some op inion based on the analysis,who to be responsible for this case,and what to do to recover this bad condition by giving some passport to the government.

A meta-analytical review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leaders’ constructive conflict management Essay

Conflict competent leadingIntroduction The condition examines the connection involving emotional intelligence and the cleverness of leaders to manage and work skirmish positively. According to Schlaerth, Ensari, & Christian, (2013) regarding of effective conflict management is important traits for competent leaders that lead to inferential conflict management in organizations. Competent leaders are able to solve conflict in an organization due to their emotional intelligence. The trait helps leaders to understand their own emotions and those of other workers. The result is use of the most effective conflict resolution process and strategy that would ensure the success of the organization. Lack of ability to resolve conflicts constructively affects the relationship between the employees and the leadership. The result is poor performance in an organization, which is blamed on poor leadership. Therefore, the article acknowledges the roles of leaders in the conflict reso lution. In addition, it evidences the importance of extraordinary ability to handle emotions in graze to achieve constructive conflict resolution. Consequently, the article discusses the need of emotional intelligence for the non-leader workers in order to ensure constructive conflict resolution. The non-leader workers will help to reinforce strategies and process that are laid down by leaders to resolve the conflict constructively. Hence, the article tries to address the question about what of competent leaders in conflict management and resolutions. In addition, it points out the involvement of other workers in connection with leaders in order to achieve effective and constructive conflict solution.ReferenceSchlaerth, A., Ensari, N., & Christian, J. (2013). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leaders constructive conflict management.Group Processes & Intergroup Relations,16(1), 126-136.Source document

The poem, “Joe Lawson’s Wife” by Lorna Crozier

The poem, Joe Lawsons wife by Lorna Crozier is a symbolically easy work. The poem tells the story of a man who commits suicide, and how his wife reacts to her husbands dying. There is obvious symbolisation in both the sun and take out in the poem. The sun personifies Mrs. Lawsons conscious efforts to absorb and curiosityure the news of her husbands suicide. She goes from only barely understanding what is going on, and being in tell apart shock to the realization that her husband is dead fully drop down in. The milk is representative of normalcy in Mrs.Lawsons life, and it is the everyday chore of milking the cows that she clings to when her husband dies. The sun plays a significant role in symbolically showing the reader how the news of her husbands death is gripping Mrs. Lawson. The sun builds up tension as it rises, symbolically representing her husbands death sinking in as she struggles to harmonize this morbid news. The first mention of the sun occurs in the middle of th e play. The doctor endeavors to get Mrs. Lawson to go into the can and away from the gruesome scene of her husband, but she refuses to leave his side.Crozier writes, The sun was rising, its splinters from the cracks in the walls dropping all around her. In these lines, the sun is representative of the news of her husbands death and the divine revelation that she is alone. The splinters from the sun, or small beams of light coming through the cracks of the barn show that the news is middling starting to sink in, and Mrs. Lawson is only slightly aware of what is going on. The sun is referenced again toward the end of the poem, with Crozier telling the reader, The suns bright nails pounding through. The use of the sun, again, to describe how the death of Mr.Lawson is affecting his wife is symbolic. Whereas when she first saw her husbands body, she was in shock and barely comprehending what had happened, at this point she is fully aware of her husbands death, and the realization of t his hits her much harder, like nails pounding into her. The references to milk within the poem are also very symbolically significant. The ritual of milking the cows appears to be a common, everyday chore for Mrs. Lawson. For this reason, upon the news of her husbands death, Mrs. Lawson begins milking the cows, or so in a sense of prehension for something normal in her life.The milk is symbolic of the normalcy that Mrs. Lawson had in her life prior to her husbands suicide. After the men have taken Mr. Lawsons body from the barn, She pulled the wooden stool to the stall and milked the cow. It is almost as if by milking the cows, Mrs. Lawson is attempting to go back to a time when her husband was still alive. Her complete focus, however, is on his death, as she doesnt even bother to put a pail under the cow to father the milk. Mrs. Lawson milks the cows just like she probably did every other day of her life in an attempt to return any differentiate of normalcy to her now chaotic l ife.Lorna Croziers poem, Joe Lawsons Wife exhibits two symbolically important elements. The first element is the sun, which represents the news of her husbands suicide sinking into Mrs. Lawsons conscious mind. At first, only a few streaks of light shine though, but by the end of the poem the light is hitting her like a nail being pounded into her. The second important symbol in this poem is the milk. The milk is representative of normalcy in Mrs. Lawsons life. Milking the cows is on the face of it part of her everyday routine, and she clings to this familiar chore in an attempt to return her life to any sort of normal state.

Activity-Based Costing: a Case Study on a Taiwanese Essay

The aim of this paper is to meditate the operational be of a tropic outpouringtime youth hostel in the Yang-Ming-Shan argona of Taiwan. The bodily function-based make up ordain was holdd to compute lodging, hot spring theatrical role and meal serving hails per customer. This paper overcomes totally the obstacles to implementing full-scale first principle-based invoice to this hot spring country inn. In this character, intersectionions, defined as hot spring use, lodging and meal serving are used as the toll objects.We define five activity centers the cleaning activity center, the customer value center, the cooking and food do center, the reception good center and the concern center. Finally, we use the first rudiment method acting to calculate the cost of hot spring use, lodging and meal serving as NT$ 31.64, NT$ 306.21 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons. The paper also compares the rudiment method with the tralatitious costing method and concludes that the ABC method is practical and allot for much(prenominal) a hot spring country inn and refunds more accurate information for cost management and pricing decisions.Key nomenclature Activity-Based costing, Country Inn, warm Spring, Cost Analysis1. IntroductionResearchers in management invoice extradite traditionally been, above all, interested in the accounting systems of large manufacturing companies. Most accounting researchers interested in service harvest-feastion take away conducted their research in non-profit seeking, public-sector organizations (Pellinen 2003, p. 217). Out location the non-profit sector, the number of studies on the management accounting practices of service organizations (profit seeking) bugger off remained very limited (Brignall et al., 1991 Sharma, 2002). More unfortunately, non-traditional lodging, (i.e. the B&B constancy), is totally lacking in management accounting research, in contrast with the traditional lodging manufacture, which is quite well-researched.The aim of this paper is to illustrate how activity-based costing (ABC) can be applied to a hot spring country inn in order to obtain information on activities and products for decision making purposes. ABC is a cost-accounting method that allocates imagination be to products utilise a two stage procedure on the basis of activity utilization by drivers. Its a method which can overcome many of the limitations of traditional cost systems which can convolute product cost because they allocate the overhead costs to products mainly by manoeuver labor hours (or volume-related measures). This is in particular prone to result in distortions in cases where there is a large overhead ratio or a high degree of product diversity.The country inn style of non-traditional lodging, especially suitable for ABC application, has various products such as lodging, hot spring use and dining which die to different foodstuff segments. The in contract cost s of this inn constitute an primary(prenominal) proportion of the total costs (53.46%). In such a typical situation, the valuing of products of this inn may be distorted by a traditional accounting system. This article portrays an attempt to apply the ABC place to a hot spring country inn where the managers normally use a traditional accounting method to acquire product cost information. Our case study is presented in the hope of contributing to management accounting research in the non-traditional accommodations area.In sum total to the introduction, there are four main sections in this paper. The subsequent section reviews previous research in management accounting for the lodging constancy. The third section presents the ABC model. The fourth section illustrates the implementation of ABC in a specific case. The fifth section compares results of the ABC method and the traditional method. Some conclusions are presented in section six.2. Literature reviewPoorani and Smith (1995 , p. 58, 63) observe The hotel and the B&B industry have very different financial aspects arising from contrasting ownership motives. In the hotel industry the emphasis is on maximise profitability whereas the B&B industry has been traditionally characterized by innkeepers who embarked on inn-keeping as a reciprocal ohm career to satisfy lifestyle goals. But the current economic environment has blurred that distinction. Hoteliers are assay to be more sensitive to customers needs and create an environment for personalized service. Meanwhile, many entrepreneurs are submission the B&B segment with strictly financial motives.Their investigations attribute financial characteristics to the B&B industry and find that innkeepers in USA with midsize and larger operations not only were highly successful in reaching their career goals but also achieved their economic objectives as measured by return on investment and equity. However, notwithstanding the importance of financial aspects, the studies in cost structure of the B&B industry anywhere in the world were rare. One reason is the inns private-ownership arrangements others are the fragmented industry structure and the lack of systematic cost and revenue data.Unlike the situation in the B&B industry, there have been a large number of studies in the hotel industry. In the management accounting side of the tourism industry, research has been conducted both in tourism management research and in accounting research. Studies have been carried out in passenger transportation (Dent, 1991 Rouse et al., 2002), restaurants (Ahrens and Chapman, 2002), and hotels (Downie, 1997 Edgar, 1998 Noone and Griffin, 1999 Mia and Patiar, 2001 Pellinen, 2003).Downie (1997, p310) emphases the importance of considering how accounting information can be analyzed to support commercializeing decisions more effectively. Noone and Griffin (1999, p111-128) designed a customer profitability compendium (CPA) integrating activity-based costing ( ABC) and customer segments in order to find profit yield in a hotel. Mia and Patiar, (2001, p111) interviewed only 35 managers and indicated that common managers and department managers took equal account of the management accounting system, but general managers were more content with the accounting system and valued financial information more than department managers.Pellinen (2003, p217) canvas the pricing decisions in six tourism enterprises (including a hotel) and suggested the enterprises observed all took their prices from the leading company. Thus, the importance of cost accounting is limited with reference to pricing decisions from the managerial viewpoint. Obviously, most of the studies have focused on hotels. As Harris and brownish (1998, p161) pointed out, hotels, which typically comprise food, beverage and lodging, can be used to illustrate that the context of the hospitality product can provide a complete range of characteristics in a single arena. Actually, the B&B industry also has all those characteristics.But this segment, specifically nontraditional lodging (including B&B inns, country inns, small hotels, condominiums, and vacation homes), has remained an enigma to industry analysts and researchers. Lanier et al. (2000, p91) think this is in part because the analysts and researchers willfully fail it in favor of the traditional lodging industry, pleading lack of data (Statistics dealing with properties of fewer than 20 rooms are unremarkably estimated or based on small samples. Since most country inns do not reach the 20-room threshold, statistics for these properties have not been collected regularly, unlike other industry segments). This is so overabundant in studying management accounting in the accommodation industry and that there is a grand lag for researchers to make up for.Summarizing the above, previous studies on accounting and product costing, pricing of hotels propose that (1) the acquaintance in accounting is essential in hotel management, (2) the connection between accounting information and marketing is important, and (3) activity-based costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, yield management, and segment profit analysis were among the most relevant management accounting methods, (4) the lack of management accounting research in non-traditional lodging industry needs to be made up.3. Activity-based costingCooper and Kaplan (1988) have developed what they believe is a better alternative to the traditional cost calculation model. They argue that as products differ in the complex fulfil of manufacture, they consume activities in different proportions. The activity-based costing method (ABC) promoted by Cooper and Kaplan provides a more accurate measure of cost because it traces indirect costs more nearly with regard to the different types of activities consumed. Armed with knowledge of what activities are consumed by each product and the resource cost of each activity, one can budget costs for a dive rsity of products.However, the traditional accounting method usually assigns overhead costs of products by using volume-related allocation bases such as labor hours, direct labor costs, direct material costs, machine hours, etc. This will not critically distort the product costs as the overheads are just a small portion of the production process. But in situation where there is a large diversity of products, or where there is a high direct of automation, as Brimson (1991, p. 179) pointed out, the overheads distortion will be significant. In our case, for example, high-volume products (hot spring use) may consume more direct labor hours than low-volume products (meal serving), but do not necessarily consume more purchasing activity costs.The ABC model applied to the case of this hot spring country inn is depicted in build 1. The ABC systems focus on the accurate cost denomination of overheads to products. In the cost assignment view, the assignment of costs through ABC occurs in t wo stages cost objects (i.e., products or services) consume activities, activities consume resource costs. In practice, this means that resource costs are assigned to various activity centers by using resource drivers in the first stage. An activity center is composed of a group of related activities, usually defined by function or process. The group of resource drivers is the factor chosen to estimate the consumption of resources by the activities in the activity centers. Every type of resource assigned to an activity center becomes a cost element in an activity cost pool. And, in the second stage, each activity cost is distributed to cost objects by using Figure 1ABC Model in a Hot Spring Country Inna suitable activity driver to measure the consumption of activities by products or services (Turney, 1992). Then, the total cost can be calculated by adding the various activities costs to a specific product or service. And the total cost divided by the quantity of the product can acqu ire the unit cost of product. In our case, the inn provides three products, lodging, hot spring use and meal serving. We define five activity centers, namely the cleaning center, the customer service center, the reception center, the cooking and foodservice center and the management center. Each activity center is composed of related activities, clustered by their function.As Harris and Brown (1998, p161-162) indicated, a hotel operation can be used as an example of hospitality products, in the same way the elements of a hot spring country inn of the B&B industry also can be used to illustrate non traditional accommodation products. For instance, the provision of rooms constitutes a nearly pure service product incorporating a large proportion of service elements. It can be defined as the rental of a certain amount of space for a specified achievement of time and is thus an intangible good containing a high level of service provision. The provision of hot spring use also represents a service product it includes hot spring rental and service activities. Furthermore, the meal serving provision, comprised of purchasing, distribution and conversion of food into meals, again constitutes a service product.The main value of ABC lies in that it provides a more accurate and real cost computation, especially in situations in which product diversity is important and in which the indirect costs, not directly traceable to the products, represent an important proportion of the total costs. In addition, ABC also allows a deeper level analysis of product costs by explaining the relationship between products and activities. The improved accuracy of perception of the cost structure of products and the continuous process improvements in the various departments of an enterprise provide the substance of activity-based management (i.e. using ABC to improve a business).Studies of the implementation of ABC exist in various fields, e.g. of universities (Cropper and Cook, 2000), a hot el (Noone and Griffin, 1999), library service (Ellis-Newman and Robinson, 1998), distribution logistics (Pirttil and Hautaniemi, 1995 Themido et al. 2000), (all of which be coarse to the service sector) of a manufacturing company (Spedding and Sun, 1999), an assembly line (Gunasekaran and Singh, 1999), (which belong to the manufacturing sector) of a wholesale fish market (Lee and Kao, 2001), (agricultural sector) and of a radiotherapy unit (Lievens et al., 2003), (medical sector).All of them agree that ABC is a useful accounting model and able to obtain more accurate information about the cost structure as long as implementing managers choose the right drivers and define activities well. However, it is generally accepted that there is no universally appropriate accounting system suitable to all organizations in all circumstances (Emmanuel et al., 1990). But as Harris and Brown (1998, p162) point out, management accounting needs to be carried out in the context of the hospitality pro duct in order to supply the necessary information for decision-makers if researchers expect to make a significant plowshare to the industry.

Learning mentor

IntroductionMentoring is a thought and a practice that has developed everyplace time in diverse cultures as well as contexts. Natural mentoring takes place incidentally in various life settings through teaching, friendship, coaching and counseling. Planned mentoring involves prepared programmes with clear objectives, where mentors and mentees are matched using formal processes. It is inevitable consequently, that today there is significant confusion over its meaning.A Scottish study by Philip and Hendry (2000) examined lifelike mentoring relationships using a wide sample of young population as well as adults. atomic number 23 types of natural mentoring relationship were recognized Individual-team mentoring Classic mentoring Friend-to-friend mentoring Long-term relationship mentoring Peer-group mentoring(pp 216-17).Philip (2000) concludes that natural mentoring can occur in spite of appearance a broad range of relationships and that it takes on greater significance on occasion o f crisis or as the relationships grows. Distinctiveness of natural mentoring was the common benefits, and the equality of power between mentors as well as mentees.TeachersTeachers observe that they have given up some of their independence. There are lots of other people with an recreate in young peoples learning in the school repeatedly. Teachers discover that they are no longer solo in discussions concerning teaching and learning. Peer tutors as well as mentors strengthen learning and hold up homework. medical specialist mentors from business, particular employment sectors as well as the university augment the course. Higher education students lift the aspirations of students to depend university. These people reveal the national diversity of the local population and bring lots of more employment models into the school. Adult volunteers take after-school clubs, which decreases the demands on teachers time (Cruddas, 2005).Community membersSenior citizens as well as people fro m minority racial communities feel welcome and appreciated by the school staff as well as students. They have a part in offering their experience to assist students in need of adult retain. Bonds are built up between older people working in the school as well as between minorities. Intergenerational bonds are formed and informal groups of mentor friends march on up. Mentoring serves as a uniting mechanism to comprise all types of people in the school community. In these ways the social capital of the local community is improved. Volunteers work in teams to direct external mentoring and accomplish the teachers work easier.ConclusionIt is as well true that the actions of government and schools can challenge the instigate towards a mentoring society. Government funding cuts borne out of decline or a change of administration can sweep away the infrastructure required to sustain the dedication. Support for volunteering in sum to the voluntary sector organizations that administer me ntoring programmes take to be sustained. The propensity of government to fund pilots or offer annual funding makes it complex to amaze up the kinds of sustained partnerships as well as programmes that are essential. Schools too can undermine the mature of a mentoring culture.School decision makers are at times unenthusiastic to open the school up to the neighboring community. Teachers can be doubtful of what might be supposed as unprofessional people and do-gooders interfering with the professional business of education. Teacher deficiency and the overloaded curriculum make it more accustomed that teachers will perceive mentoring as one more idea that they can do without. School mentoring coordinators may be provided insufficient time or support to do the job appropriately, and mentors can experience allow down as a result. In such state of affairs, companies may start to remove support as school-based programmes achieve a bad name.Despite all these possible obstructions, ment oring has achieved a lot of support from among the army of mentors as well as mentees, who are both current and future voters, in addition to users of the education system. There are also hopeful signs that governments have seen the profit of mentoring and the likely advantages of a move towards the mentoring society.ReferencePhilip, K and Hendry, L B (2000). Making sense of mentoring or mentoring making sense? Reflections on the mentoring process by adult mentors with young people, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 10, pp 211-23Philip, K (2000). Mentoring pitfalls and potency for young people, Youth and Policy, 67, pp1-15Cruddas, L. (2005). Learning Mentors in Schools policy and practice, Trentham Books

October Sky The Movie Essay

The movie October Sky deals with a lot of themes that still exist in societies on the whole oer the world today.One of the main themes and perhaps the most obvious is the inspiring idea of chasing ones dream and never giving up until success is found. In the movie, we find Homer Hickam, an average small-t make boy, intrigued by the launch of Soviet satellite Sputnik and infatuated with the idea of joining the space race and making his own rockets. Homer becomes inspired to better himself. He wants to successfully build rockets and with further encouragement from his teacher, Miss Riley, he and his friends enter a science fair in which they befool the chance to receive college scholarships. This is Homers dream and he sets his goals accordingly to chance on his dream. Homer doesnt allow any obstacle, even family troubles, to staunch him from obtaining his dream. His recognition of his goals and persistence in achieving them is a very admirable thing to do and is something that sti ll happens all the time.Over divergent decades the dreams may change and the challenges one face to achieve them may be opposite but no matter what decade, people are always going to flip dreams and goals they want to achieve in their lives. Every person has a desire to be successful and happy. Success and achievement of dreams does non come easy. A person must have determination to be successful and the theme of aim to a goal and a better life does not go away over decades, no matter how big or small the dream is.Family conflict is another theme that is universal for many reasons. In several ways, family conflict is combined with the theme of the coevals gap. This is be evidence family conflict is often caused by a lack of understanding in the midst of people and that most often occurs between adults and children/teenagers.In October Sky, the conflict between Homer and his father, John, was in many ways inevitable. Homer and John were bought up in very different worlds. John grew up in a traditional world where most things were black or bloodless right or wrong and things were always done the same way. Homer is living histeenage long time in a time where the future of small towns is uncertain and the United States is being dragged into a technical age. Growing up in such(prenominal) different worlds leaves the two with very different thoughts and perspectives on still about everything which means they are no doubt going to clash on those points. Their different perspectives cause Homer and John to rarely see eye to eye on things. The only thing they seemed to have in common was the fact that they were both very stubborn and that worked against them.Family conflicts are often inevitable, even to this day. The generation gap between Homer and John that caused a lot of their problems obviously still occurs between families in every country of our decade and will probably still occur for the rest of time.The themes dealt with in October Sky, such as the pursuit of a dream, family conflict, generation gap and more such as financial problems have been around for a long time and probably for a long time to come.www.wikipedia.comwww.imdb.com

Othello, Macbeth, Hamlet Essay

Among Shakespeares tragedies Othello, juncture, and Macbeth, the decision about which is stovepipe written ultimately needs to be clear-cut according to the virtues of the plot, causeization, and the language. The three plays have very strong points. While Macbeth is extraordinary in Shakespeares work of language, its plot is also intricate and interesting. Othello stands out in the area of characterization, while Hamlet stands out in its language. However, when tout ensemble areas of assessment are considered, Macbeth does appear to dominate as the best written of the three plays.Othello does bear a very strong and deeply intricate character in the villain Iago. Shakespeare displays his highly dainty skill in the manner in which he infuses Iago with evil. Iago is the definitive two-faced traitor, as he feigns the some iron-clad friendship with his lord Othello, while harboring the most potent resentment against him. Shakespeare creates a masterpiece in this character becaus e he achieves an effect in which Iago considerably-nigh becomes evil incarnate. The poignant hatred personifyed in all his speeches and actions highlights the play as one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies.However, the play does have a weakness that is black to its part. Its plot, though given strong impetus by the avenging cruelty and hatred of Iago, gains its momentum from what seems to be an impuissant plan. Othello implicates his wife Desdemona of adultery merely because her hired handkerchief is found in Cassios roomevidence that amounts almost to nothing. The weakness of this link from Iagos hatred to his ruin of Othello is too great for the play to be considered the best of Shakespeares tragedies.The tragedy of Hamlet excels in the language that Shakespeare uses to express the inner thoughts and confusions of the characters. Hamlets speeches represent a masterpiece of insight into the human soul as it processes pain and loss. The famous to be or not to be speech is so highly regarded because it probes the mind of a man who is so deeply affected by his fathers murder and mothers betrayal that he mentally wrestles with death To die to sleep, to sleep perchance to dream ay, theres the rub.For in that sleep of death, what dreams whitethorn come, when we have shuffled off this mortal coil must give us pause (III. i. 73-77). The metaphorical alter of sleep and death is a figurative achievement, and the expression of indecision as Hamlet lingers at the persuasion of death gives the play a literary and lyrical edge. Still, this play has plot problems as well. It seems to drag on with Hamlets constant indecision and his antic disposition. His relationship with Ophelia is nebulous, yet its complications are not well expressed, but muddled and almost incoherent.The end in which Ophelia and all the family die leaving Fortinbras to assume the plenty is unsatisfying at the very least. These problems cause Hamlet also to be prevented in the final psychoanal ysis from being considered Shakespeares greatest tragedy. Macbeth, like Hamlet, boasts very well written and poetic lines. The expression of the evil that Macbeth feels after committing his murderous act is expressed in all its detail and rondure. In addition, it also possesses discernment and expression of character that is unexcelled in any of Shakespeares other works.Lady Macbeth rivals Iago in her talent for evilyet hers stems from nothing as petty as revenge. She seeks to exalt her husbands position in an almost self-sacrificial effort to promote him. She shows clarity and decisiveness in a way that Hamlet does not, as she carries out her intention with no alloy of fear or hesitancy. In addition to the violator of the language and the depth of characterization, Macbeths plot (though in some ways fantastical) carries itself naturally toward the end that it is given. vigour appears contrived. The hubris that Macbeth assumes at the behest of the witches and Lady Macbeth propel s him gradually and naturally toward his murder of King Duncan and eventually toward his death at the hand of Macduff. The combination of excellences in the three areas of plot, characterization, and language tips the scale in favour of Macbeth as the greatest tragedy written by William Shakespeare.

Response to "Is the American Dream Over" Essay

receipt to Is the American Dream all over - Essay ExampleThe primary question is is the American Dream everywhere? Whereas this question has been asked over and over by different scholars, there seems to lack a definite exercise to this question. This is because different authors and scholars seem to have a different definition of the topic The American Dream. However, Cal goes on to explicate define what American Dream is. He argues that American Dream simply means fulfilling ones life objectives. However, he goes on to claim that the institutional frameworks of the American regimen have been so demoralise that it is impossible for the common American person to achieve the American Dream.The question Is American Dream Over is arguably a debatable question at let out. This is because the question brings about the room for debate on twain sides of the issue. For example, in his work Cal actually points to the possibility of old and new definitions of American fantasy and in deed takes on the modern definition. He however goes on to explain why he believes that the American aspiration died long time ago because of the challenges facing the modern American citizen. This opens up room for debate because, a significant number of Americans are actually living a life of their dreams. Indeed, it can be debated that American dream has been achieved to some extent. However, the question at issue also overlaps as a controversial issue because it opens wide the room for criticizing the government for the failure of Americans to achieve the American dreamThe issue of American dream is a question at issue because it provides a good and fair basis in which both proponents and opponents can exchange intellectual fists. Indeed, the question of whether American dream is alive or dead has authentic equal measure of debate from both sides. In his side, Cal gives reason such as lack of employment, overspending, overtaxing, and overregulating government as some of the re asons why American

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Toyota Motor peck - Essay ExampleToyota started announcing recalls of 8 9 millions after reports of 2000 fatal accidents and 19 deaths from its defective vehicles with accelerator and brake pedal issues. By February 2010 (just in the first place ending of fiscal year on March 31), Toyota had recalled expertly 2 million vehicles from its main markets that as well reflected in Income Statement, Cash Flows and Balance Sheet. In fact, the assets and liabilities / debts section were greatly affected from that recall because sales declined and products recalled simultaneously. Toyota Corporation estimated that recall would cost, at least, $2 billion in 2010 2011, which may increase in near next if suppliers would increase raw-material / inputs prices followed by high labour expenditures. It is worth mentioning that Toyotas sales in North America bring down by 16% alone in February 2010 in comparison to February 2009 just after the recall. On the other(a) hand, the competitors oper ational in American markets were among the actual beneficiaries, since General Motors recorded sales increase of 15%, cover observed a growth of 24%, Nissan recorded the growth of 15%, and Hyundai observed a phenomenal 24% growth in USA. Indeed, the recall enabled Ford Corporation to become second largest automobile vendor across North America after General Motors.The recall sabotaged Toyotas strategic and financial slip because customers started switching to other brands, which later resulted in decline in market share. This just happened when Toyota had certain plans / aspirations to further from improvements in global economic outlook. Without any doubt, the company in the short - run has been unable to win trust of potential customers and maximise its monetary gains because of additional repair and delivery costs to be incurred from this recall. In addition, the loss of goodwill and reputation alone could prove quite devastating for company in near future when it will launc h newly developed products. For instance, potential customers and industry analysts may raise questions almost safety, security and reliability of Toyotas vehicles. In a nut shell, it is justified to argue that Toyotas rest period sheet figures (assets and liabilities) position will deteriorate in fiscal year of 2011 because of mixed consumer confidence on Toyotas market offerings.